{"nbformat":4,"nbformat_minor":0,"metadata":{"colab":{"provenance":[]},"kernelspec":{"name":"python3","display_name":"Python 3"},"language_info":{"name":"python"}},"cells":[{"cell_type":"markdown","source":["# Simple Circuits"],"metadata":{"id":"YhH6aukqPlIc"}},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":["In this lab, we'll test and build models of simple circuits.\n","\n","**By the end of this session, you will present to your TA your claim and evidence about the extent to which several circuit components can be modeled through Ohm's Law.**\n","\n","# **Learning goals**\n","\n","By the end of this unit, you should be able to:\n","* Use proposed models to make predictions and justify experimental design decisions such as how much data to collect and how to space data collection.\n","* Manage time by conducting pilot experiments and plotting as you go.\n","* Set up a simple circuit and troubleshoot the circuit by systematically isolating and testing different components (not ``trial and error'').\n","* Use results to propose new or modified models to explain and represent the phenomena being investigated.\n","\n","**Reminder**: You are not expected to know anything about electricity to perform these experiments. The pioneers of the field in the 19th century didn't know much either and did experiments like these. You're in good company!\n"],"metadata":{"id":"EuEjQd2UpYo4"}},{"cell_type":"code","source":["# Run this code cell to mount your Google Drive.\n","from google.colab import drive\n","drive.mount('/content/drive')\n","\n","#Fill in the appropriate directory info in the ``...``\n","%run \"/content/drive/My Drive/.../utilities.ipynb\""],"metadata":{"id":"AJdqi2AxPn2q","colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1726972089916,"user_tz":240,"elapsed":8640,"user":{"displayName":"Selena Wang","userId":"05211511538179112309"}},"outputId":"4acb979e-fb4c-447d-aa4a-0a2f2144cdea"},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","name":"stdout","text":["Mounted at /content/drive\n"]}]},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":["\n","## **Beware Excess Current: Equipment Safety Basics**\n","\n","**Do not let the resistance in your circuit go below 20$k\\Omega$!**\n","\n","Applying the water pipe analogy rather loosely, imagine cutting a hole in your water pipe so that all the water rushes out. This is what happens there is not enough resistance in your circuit to prevent a current surge. When current surges, components can become damaged.\n","\n","To protect circuits from too much current, make sure to do the following:\n","* **Maintain resistances in your circuit above 20$k\\Omega$!** Make sure you see the difference between 20$k\\Omega$ and 20$\\Omega$ on your resistor board and turn resistances new resistances *on* before turning other ones *off*.\n","* **Keep your power supply off until you have double checked your circuit.** Have team members or your TA double check that your circuit is set up correctly before turning on your power supply.\n","* **Start with your current at 0$Amps$ and your power supply set to 0$V$.** As you change resistances, an earlier power supply voltage difference may cause a different current through the circuit, so you should not assume the old settings are safe. Before turning on your power supply, always turn the dials back to zero and start tuning up.\n","\n","Lastly, our DMMs use **fuses** to protect against excess current. When too much current flows, the fuse takes the hit and blocks current from passing.\n","\n","**If the multimeters seem to not be working, check the fuse.** There is a screw driver is in the toolbox. Unscrew and remove the lower back panel. Check the bottom fuse for a sear mark. If it looks seared, pop it out, throw it in the garbage, and replace it with one in the baggy at the front of the room. Ask your TA for help if you are not sure how to locate/remove the fuse.\n","\n","**Please do not be wasteful with fuses.** The section with the fewest blown fuses will win a prize!\n","\n","\n","---\n","---"],"metadata":{"id":"Tkbt-ToAfFr2"}},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":["# **A. Building models for other resistive materials**\n","\n","Design an investigation to explore the electrical behavior of light bulbs and/or light-emitting diodes (or LEDs). The goal here is to move from model testing (e.g., does Ohm's Law apply?) to model building (e.g., what's the new model?).\n","\n","Set up a simple circuit with a light bulb or LED **in series** with a resistor.\n","\n","**REMINDER:** Keep an at least 20 $k\\Omega$ resistance in your circuit at all times so that you do not draw current greater than 50 mA through your circuit components. Note that a different range of resistor values may be acceptable depending on which type of light source you are using.\n","\n","Choose your resistive material (either a light bulb or LED). Then design and carry out your investigation using strategies learned from Part I.\n"],"metadata":{"id":"bNG2UUn4g4in"}},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":["**[Your design here]**\n"],"metadata":{"id":"R0kLgIMO8y4J"}},{"cell_type":"code","source":["#Your analysis code here"],"metadata":{"id":"ePgiq7m74TeW"},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":["Use your observations and results and those of other groups to develop and refine models for the electricity through your object. You may want to build from the water pipes analogy linked above, construct a new analogy that better represents what you're seeing in your data, or focus on specific sub-pieces of the process (such as assumptions of the original model that may be limited). Justify each model that you develop using your previously collected data. Use the model(s) to make a prediction(s) about a new result and carry out investigations to test those prediction. You can also try another material if that seems justifiable.\n"],"metadata":{"id":"3nFDEttp81-w"}},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":["**[Your ongoing train of thought documentation of your various investigations should keep getting created here and below]**"],"metadata":{"id":"DCr9kWKu4VTu"}},{"cell_type":"code","source":["#Create as many of these as necessary"],"metadata":{"id":"0sGC5L8l9GuG"},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":["Make sure your lab notes include all of the following information:\n","* Description of experimental design\n","* Uncertainty estimation\n","* Raw data\n","* Analyzed data\n","* Interpretation of results\n","* Concluding remarks including remaining questions and discussion of the physical significance of your results\n"],"metadata":{"id":"Br-Ozc5488SE"}},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":["# **B. Share your investigation**\n","\n","During the last 15 minutes of the lab session, you will present **one graph** of results to another group. While you show them the graph, you will briefly describe your experimental question, how you produced the data in the graph, and how you are interpreting the graph. When the other groups presents to you, you will be listening and evaluating their investigation so that you can ask questions and provide feedback.\n","\n","Your presentation should not exceed 5 minutes (including time for questions from the other group). After sharing your investigation, briefly describe what the other group did and/or found (in your own words)."],"metadata":{"id":"bVe3MUuxldlh"}},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":["**[Your response here]**"],"metadata":{"id":"Jiw6uOqulqfS"}},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":["\n","\n","---\n","\n","## **Lab Checkout**\n","\n","By the end of the lab session, document below a claim about **the models that represent the relationship between the voltage difference across resistors, light bulbs, and LEDs and the current through these components** and briefly summarize your evidence that supports your claim. Present your claim to your TA or (if you are out of time), they will look over these notes to evaluate your claim.\n","\n","In the checkout, they will be looking for:\n","* Whether the claim is supported by evidence,\n","* Whether that evidence is sufficient, and\n","* Whether it is clear that you collected the data.\n","\n"],"metadata":{"id":"pnM1-jwAknqf"}},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":["**[Your answer here]**\n","\n","---"],"metadata":{"id":"raureNR_oPNp"}}]}